# LV2 State Extension # Copyright 2010-2012 David Robillard # Copyright 2010 Leonard Ritter # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any # purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above # copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES # WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR # ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES # WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF # OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. @prefix dcs: . @prefix doap: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix lv2: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix state: . a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "David Robillard" ; foaf:homepage ; foaf:mbox ; rdfs:seeAlso . a lv2:Specification ; doap:name "LV2 State" ; doap:shortdesc "An interface for LV2 plugins to save and restore state." ; doap:license ; doap:release [ doap:revision "0.6" ; doap:created "2012-03-03" ; dcs:blame ] ; doap:developer [ a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Leonard Ritter" ; foaf:homepage ] ; doap:maintainer ; lv2:documentation """

This extension defines a simple mechanism which allows hosts to save and restore a plugin instance's state. The goal is for an instance's state to be completely described by port values (as with all LV2 plugins) and a simple dictionary.

The state defined here is conceptually a key:value dictionary, with URI keys and values of any type. For performance reasons the key and value type are actually a URID, a URI mapped to an integer. A single key:value pair is called a property.

This state model is simple yet has many benefits:

Both fast and extensible thanks to URID keys.
No limitations on possible value types.
Easy to serialise in almost any format.
Easy to store in a typical map or dictionary data structure.
Elegantly described in Turtle, so state can be described in LV2 data files (including presets).
Does not impose any file formats, data structures, or file system requirements.
Suitable for portable persistent state as well as fast in-memory snapshots.
Keys may be well-defined and used meaningfully across several implementations.
State may be dynamic, but plugins are not required to have a dynamic dictionary data structure available.

To implement state, the plugin provides a state:Interface to the host. To save or restore, the host calls LV2_State_Interface::save() or LV2_State_Interface::restore(), passing a callback to be used for handling a single property. The host is free to implement property storage and retrieval in any way.

Since value types are defined by URI, any type is possible. However, a set of standard types is defined by the LV2 Atom extension. Use of these types is recommended. Hosts MUST implement at least atom:String, which is simply a C string.

Referring to Files

Plugins may need to refer to existing files (e.g. loaded samples) in their state. This is done by storing the file's path as a property just like any other value. However, there are some rules which MUST be followed when storing paths, see state:mapPath for details. Plugins MUST use the type atom:Path for all paths in their state.

Plugins are strongly encouraged to avoid creating files, instead storing all state as properties. However, occasionally the ability to create files is necessary. To make this possible, the host can provide the feature state:makePath which allocates paths for plugin-created files. Plugins MUST NOT create files in any other locations.

Plugin Code Example


/* Namespace for this plugin's keys.  This SHOULD be something that could be
   published as a document, even if that document does not exist right now.
*/
#define NS_MY "http://example.org/myplugin/schema#"

LV2_Handle my_instantiate(...)
{
    MyPlugin* plugin = ...;
    plugin->uris.atom_String = map_uri(LV2_ATOM__String);
    plugin->uris.my_greeting = map_uri(NS_MY "greeting");
    plugin->state.greeting   = strdup("Hello");  // Default value
    return plugin;
}

void my_save(LV2_Handle                 instance,
             LV2_State_Store_Function   store,
             LV2_State_Handle           handle,
             uint32_t                   flags,
             const LV2_Feature *const * features)
{
    MyPlugin*   plugin   = (MyPlugin*)instance;
    const char* greeting = plugin->state.greeting;

    store(handle,
          plugin->uris.my_greeting,
          greeting,
          strlen(greeting) + 1,  // Careful!  Need space for terminator
          plugin->uris.atom_String,
          LV2_STATE_IS_POD | LV2_STATE_IS_PORTABLE);
}

void my_restore(LV2_Handle                  instance,
                LV2_State_Retrieve_Function retrieve,
                LV2_State_Handle            handle,
                uint32_t                    flags,
                const LV2_Feature *const *  features)
{
    MyPlugin* plugin = (MyPlugin*)instance;

    size_t      size;
    uint32_t    type;
    uint32_t    flags;
    const char* greeting = retrieve(
        handle, plugin->uris.my_greeting, &size, &type, &flags);

    if (greeting) {
        free(plugin->state->greeting);
        plugin->state->greeting = strdup(greeting);
    } else {
        plugin->state->greeting = strdup("Hello");
    }
}

const void* my_extension_data(const char* uri)
{
    static const LV2_State_Interface state_iface = { my_save, my_restore };
    if (!strcmp(uri, LV2_STATE_INTERFACE_URI)) {
        return &state_iface;
    }
}

Host Code Example

int store_callback(LV2_State_Handle handle,
                   uint32_t         key,
                   const void*      value,
                   size_t           size,
                   uint32_t         type,
                   uint32_t         flags)
{
    if ((flags & LV2_STATE_IS_POD)) {
        /* We only care about POD since we're keeping state in memory only.
           For disk or network use, LV2_STATE_IS_PORTABLE must also be checked.
        */
        Map* state_map = (Map*)handle;
        state_map->insert(key, Value(copy(value), size, type));
        return 0;
    } else {
        return 1; /* Non-POD events are unsupported. */
    }
}

Map get_plugin_state(LV2_Handle instance)
{
    LV2_State* state = instance.extension_data(LV2_STATE__Interface);
    Map state_map;
    /** Request a fast/native/POD save, since we're just copying in memory */
    state.save(instance, store_callback, &state_map,
               LV2_STATE_IS_POD|LV2_STATE_IS_NATIVE);
    return state_map;
}

Extensions to this Specification

It is likely that other interfaces for working with plugin state will be developed as needed. This is encouraged, however everything SHOULD work within the state model defined here. That is, do not complicate the state model. Implementations can assume the following:

The current port values and state dictionary completely describe a plugin instance, at least well enough that saving and restoring will yield an identical instance from the user's perspective.
Hosts are not expected to save and/or restore any other attributes of a plugin instance.

The recommended way to add new functionality that may affect state is to simply define it in terms of properties. For example, instead of defining a new set of commands, define properties whose values can be set appropriately. This provides persistence for free, since rather than having to define a set of commands and a set of properties for storing their effects, only the properties need to be defined.

This property principle is summed up in the phrase: Don't stop; set playing to false.

""" . state:Interface a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf lv2:ExtensionData ; lv2:documentation """

A structure (LV2_State_Interface) which contains functions to be called by the host to save and restore state. In order to support this extension, the plugin must return a valid LV2_State_Interface from LV2_Descriptor::extension_data() when it is called with URI LV2_STATE__Interface.

The plugin data file should describe this like so:

@prefix state: <http://lv2plug.in/ns/ext/state#> .

<plugin>
    a lv2:Plugin ;
    lv2:extensionData state:Interface .

""" . state:State a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:label "Plugin Instance State" ; lv2:documentation """

A state dictionary. This type should be used wherever instance state is described in RDF, or any other context that uses type URIs. The properties of a resource with this type correspond directly to the properties of the state dictionary (except the property that states it has this type).

""" . state:state a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "State" ; rdfs:range state:State ; lv2:documentation """

The state of this plugin instance, or similar resource. This property may be used anywhere a state needs to be described, for example:

@prefix eg: <http://example.org/> .

<plugininstance>
    state:state [
        eg:somekey "some value" ;
        eg:someotherkey "some other value" ;
        eg:favourite-number 2
    ] .

""" . state:mapPath a lv2:Feature ; rdfs:label "Support for storing paths in state" ; lv2:documentation """

This feature maps absolute paths to/from abstract paths which are stored in state. To support this feature a host must pass an LV2_Feature with URI LV2_STATE__mapPath and data pointed to an LV2_State_Map_Path to the plugin's LV2_State_Interface methods.

The plugin MUST map all paths stored in its state (including those inside any files in its state). This is necessary to enable host to handle file system references correctly, e.g. for distribution or archival.

For example, a plugin may write a path to a state file like so:

void write_path(LV2_State_Map_Path* map_path, FILE* myfile, const char* path)
{
    char* abstract_path = map_path->abstract_path(map_path->handle, path);
    fprintf(myfile, "%s", abstract_path);
    free(abstract_path);
}

Then, later reload the path like so:

char* read_path(LV2_State_Map_Path* map_path, FILE* myfile)
{
    /* Obviously this is not production quality code! */
    char abstract_path[1024];
    fscanf(myfile, "%s", abstract_path);
    return map_path->absolute_path(map_path->handle, abstract_path);
}

""" . state:makePath a lv2:Feature ; rdfs:label "Support for creating new files and directories" ; lv2:documentation """

This feature allows plugins to create new files and/or directories. To support this feature the host passes an LV2_Feature with URI LV2_STATE__makePath and data pointed to an LV2_State_Make_Path to the plugin. The host may make this feature available only during save by passing it to LV2_State_Interface::save(), or available any time by passing it to LV2_Descriptor::instantiate(). If passed to LV2_State_Interface::save(), the feature MUST NOT be used beyond the scope of that call.

The plugin is guaranteed a hierarchial namespace unique to that plugin instance, and may expect the returned path to have the requested path as a suffix. There is one such namespace, even if the feature is passed to both LV2_Descriptor::instantiate() and LV2_State_Interface::save(). Beyond this, the plugin MUST NOT make any assumptions about the returned paths.

Like any other paths, the plugin MUST map these paths using state:mapPath before storing them in state. The plugin MUST NOT assume these paths will be available across a save/restore otherwise, i.e. only mapped paths saved to state are persistent, any other created paths are temporary.

For example, a plugin may create a file in a subdirectory like so:

char* save_myfile(LV2_State_Make_Path* make_path)
{
    char* path   = make_path->path(make_path->handle, "foo/bar/myfile.txt");
    FILE* myfile = fopen(path, 'w');
    fprintf(myfile, "Hello");
    fclose(myfile);
    return path;
}

""" .